These rules apply only to maritime and inland waterway transport. "Cost and Freight" means that the seller delivers the goods onto the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF terms are used, the seller's obligation is fulfilled when the goods are handed over to the carrier in the chosen mode of transport, not when the goods arrive at the destination. This rule has two crucial points because the place where risk transfers and the place where transport costs transfer are different. Although a contract will usually specify a port of destination, it may not necessarily specify the port of shipment, the place where risk transfers to the buyer. If the port of shipment is of particular interest to the buyer, the parties are advised to identify it as precisely as possible in the contract. The parties are advised to identify the port of destination as precisely as possible, as the costs and freight borne by the seller are incurred up to that point. A transport contract should be made that exactly matches this choice (of destination port). If, due to the buyer's reasons, the transport contract relates to a discharge point within the port of destination, then unless otherwise agreed, the seller is not entitled to recover these costs from the buyer. Cost and Freight may not be suitable where the goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example, goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal (inland or at the destination port). In such situations, the CPT rule should be used. The Cost and Freight rule requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay import duties or carry out any customs formalities at the place of import.
| A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS 卖方义务 | B THE BUYER’ OBLIGATIONS 买方义务 |
| A1 General obligations of the seller The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed by the parties or customary. | B1 General obligations of the buyer The buyer must pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale. Any document referred to in B1-B10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed by the parties or customary. |
| A2 Licences, authorisations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and cost, any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. | B2 Licences, authorisations, security clearances and other formalities Where applicable, the buyer must obtain, at its own risk and cost, any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the import of the goods and for their transport through any country. |
| A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract for the carriage of the goods from the agreed point of delivery, if any, to the named port of destination, or, if agreed, to any point within the port. The seller must contract on usual terms, via the usual route, in a vessel normally used for transporting goods of the contract description. b) Contract of insurance The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and cost (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance. | B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage: The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of carriage. b) Contract of insurance: The buyer has no obligation to the seller to make a contract of insurance. However, at the seller's request, the buyer must provide the seller with necessary information for obtaining insurance. |
| A4 Delivery The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the customary manner. | B4 Taking delivery The buyer must take delivery of the goods when they are delivered in accordance with A4 and receive them from the carrier at the named port of destination. |
| A5 Transfer of risks The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, except as provided in B5. | B5 Transfer of risks The buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4. If the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7, then from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for shipment, the buyer bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods. |
| A6 Allocation of costs The seller must pay: a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as provided in B6; b) the costs of freight and all other costs resulting from A3 a), including loading costs, and any costs for discharging at the agreed port of destination which are for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; c) where applicable, costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as any duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export, and costs for transhipment through any country that are for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage. | B6 Allocation of costs The buyer must pay, subject to the provisions of A3 a): a) all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4, except those relating to export clearance and any duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export as referred to in A6 c); b) all costs relating to the goods while in transit until their arrival at the port of destination, unless such costs are for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; c) costs of discharge, including lighterage and wharfage charges, unless such costs were for the seller’s account under the contract of carriage; d) any additional costs incurred if the buyer fails to give notice in accordance with B7 within the agreed period, provided that the goods have been clearly identified as the contract goods; and, e) where applicable, all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon import, and the costs of customs formalities necessary for import as well as costs for transhipment through any country, unless such costs are included in the contract of carriage. |
| A7 Notice to the buyer The seller must give the buyer any notice needed to allow the buyer to take measures which are ordinarily necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods. | B7 Notice to the seller Whenever the buyer is entitled to determine the time for shipping the goods and/or the specific point of receiving the goods within the named port of destination, the buyer must give the seller sufficient notice. |
| A8 Delivery document The seller must, at its own cost, provide the buyer without delay with the usual transport document for the agreed port of destination. This document must cover the contract goods, be dated within the agreed period for shipment, enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the port of destination and, unless otherwise agreed, enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by transferring the document to a subsequent buyer or by notification to the carrier. When such a transport document is issued in negotiable form and in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer. | B8 Proof of delivery The buyer must accept the transport document provided in accordance with A8 if it is in conformity with the contract. |
| A9 Inspection, packaging, marking The seller must pay the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) that are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4, as well as the costs of any pre-shipment inspection mandated by the authority of the country of export. The seller must, at its own cost, package the goods, unless it is customary in the trade to ship the goods unpacked. The seller must package the goods in a manner appropriate for their carriage, unless the buyer gives the seller specific requirements for packaging before the contract of sale is concluded. The packaging must be marked appropriately. | B9 Inspection of goods The buyer must pay the costs of any mandatory pre-shipment inspection, except for inspections mandated by the authorities of the country of export. |
| A10 Assistance with information and related costs The seller must, where applicable, in a timely manner, render assistance to the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk and cost, in obtaining any documents and information, including security-related information, that the buyer needs for the import of the goods and/or for their transport to the final destination. The seller must reimburse the buyer for all costs and charges incurred by the buyer in rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as requested in B10. | B10 Assistance with information and related costs The buyer must, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as requested in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, advise the seller of any security requirements so that the seller may comply with A10. The buyer must reimburse the seller for all costs and charges incurred by the seller in providing or rendering assistance in obtaining documents and information as requested in A10. The buyer must, where applicable, in a timely manner, render assistance to the seller, at the seller’s request, risk and cost, in obtaining any documents and information, including security-related information, that the seller needs for the transport and export of the goods and for their transit through any country. |
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