What preparations should be made before loading container sea freight?
Whether in container sea freight or other container transportation, to complete the cargo loading task quickly and smoothly, it is necessary to make good preparations before loading, inspect the containers, and understand the general precautions when loading. These factors are very important for the full and effective use of containers and the safe and reliable transportation of goods to the destination.
1. Understand the characteristics of the cargo
Before loading, the following aspects of the cargo should be understood.
1. Type and name of the cargo
To ensure the integrity of the cargo in container transportation, it is not enough to just know what type of cargo it is. For example, for dangerous goods, simply knowing it is dangerous goods is not sufficient; it is necessary to further determine which class of dangerous goods it belongs to, such as explosives, flammable items, or corrosive substances, and specifically understand its name, whether it is firecrackers, movie film, or sulfuric acid. Additionally, it is necessary to know if it has packaging and what type of packaging it is. Whether the cargo is clean or dirty, whether it has an odor, etc.
2. Dimensions of the cargo
The specific dimensions of the cargo should be known to see if it can fit inside the container. Because the corner fittings of the container protrude inward, sometimes the cargo can fit in terms of headroom height, but during actual loading, it may encounter the top corner fittings inside the box, reducing the loading quantity. Similarly, due to the influence of the container header, the minimum height of the container door is less than the headroom height. Although the cargo can fit from the headroom height perspective, it may be blocked by the header during actual loading, preventing it from entering.
3. Weight of the cargo
The weight of the cargo loaded into any container must not exceed the container's maximum payload (P). Sometimes, even if the cargo weight is less than the payload, because the cargo exerts a concentrated load and the container floor strength is insufficient, measures must be taken, such as using dunnage to distribute the concentrated load.
4. Packaging of the cargo
Types of packaging vary widely (e.g., cartons, wooden cases, straw bales, cloth bags), and different packagings have different strengths. The strength and material of the packaging must meet the requirements of the transport route and handling conditions. For example, on routes to Australia, there are very strict quarantine requirements for straw bales.
5. Nature of the cargo Different cargoes have different characteristics, such as being dangerous, fragile, or sensitive to temperature and humidity. Some cargoes cannot be mixed with certain others; for example, cement cannot be mixed with sugar, and odorous cargoes cannot be mixed with foodstuffs.
2. Packaging containers and packaging materials
Choosing appropriate packaging containers and materials directly affects the safety of the cargo, can prevent damage, and reduce storage, handling, and transportation costs.
The main tasks of transport packaging are:
(1) To protect the cargo from loss, damage, or depreciation;
(2) To protect people, the environment, and transport equipment from potential harm caused by the cargo, and also to improve the level of mechanization, rational storage, handling, and transportation processes.
These tasks can only be achieved through careful selection of stowage methods, packaging containers, and packaging materials. Packaging defects are one of the main causes of accidents and damage.
In most cases, packaging should be able to withstand all operations during storage, handling, and transportation while being environmentally friendly. Not all packaging defects will cause damage, but the risk of cargo damage increases significantly. Poor packaging also has an additional psychological effect: it leads to carelessness and handling errors among handling workers.
For equipment components not secured on pallets, if they were not designed for handling by forklift trucks, they are difficult to move and present a risk of tipping over. To ensure operational safety during handling and to prevent equipment from getting damp and corroded in bad weather, equipment can be wrapped in plastic film. If there is no pallet under the cargo, in order to use slings or a forklift, the forklift operator must forcibly insert the forks under the cargo.
The following basic principles can be used to assess whether the cargo is suitable for transport:
- Under no circumstances may the load affect the safety of transport. A load is only considered suitable for transport if it is handled appropriately and cannot cause harm to people, operations, transport equipment, or other cargo.
- Packaging must be suitable for transport to ensure it meets all handling, storage, and transportation requirements. This applies to all aspects of protecting the cargo, the environment, or related to handling, packaging, stowage, securing, etc.
- Manufacturers and cargo shippers must choose the appropriate form of packaging.
- All measures to protect the cargo from damage must consider storage, handling, and transportation. Cargo packaging should be safe and environmentally friendly.
- Laws have special regulations for the packaging of dangerous goods. When dangerous goods are loaded into a container together with other goods, the relevant regulations for dangerous goods must be followed.
3. Unitization and palletization of cargo
1. Effect of defective unitization and palletization on safe loading. Palletizer often lack diagonal bracing and are easily affected by asymmetric forces. Especially when used in containers, pallet must be stacked neatly with smooth edges and surfaces. Whether the cargo is too small or extends beyond the pallet edge, or is placed diagonally on the pallet, dificultad loading cargo into vehicles and containers, ultimately leading to cargo damage. Whether stacking cartons, bags, trunks or drums... all must be aligned with the pallet. Additionally, pallet surface must match the transportation method and handling equipment. If transport container and pallet have dimishing mismatch it increases handling and securing labor and potential for lost or damaged freight.
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