China's main inland river shipping resources

1. The Yangtze River system. The Yangtze River is the largest navigable river in China, with over 3,500 navigable tributaries and a navigable length of approximately 70,000 km, accounting for 70% of the country's total inland waterway mileage. The main Yangtze trunk line from Yibin to the Yangtze Estuary is 2,813 km in total length, divided into three sections: the upper, middle, and lower reaches. The section from Yibin to Yichang, totaling 1,044 km, is generally called the upper reach, where vessels of 500–800 tons can navigate; the section from Chongqing to Wuhan, about 626 km, is customarily referred to as the middle reach, navigable for vessels of 1,500–3,000 tons. Hankou to the Yangtze Estuary is the lower reach, with a total length of 1,143 km, which is navigable year-round for vessels of 5,000–15,000 tons, and 24,000-ton oil tankers can ride the tide directly to the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge.
2. The Pearl River system. The Pearl River is China's second largest navigable river after the Yangtze River. The Pearl River system currently has 988 navigable rivers with a navigable mileage of 30,000 km. The Pearl River refers to a waterway about 96 km long from Sanshui to the estuary. The southern Pearl River waterway from Guangzhou to Huangpu Port is 25 km long and is navigable for vessels of 1,000–5,000 tons; the section from Huangpu Port to Humen Shajiao, 47 km, is navigable for vessels of 15,000–20,000 tons.
3. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The navigable mileage of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is 1,044 km, of which the 9 km from Liangshan to Jining is only seasonally navigable for vessels of 50–100 tons; the remaining sections are navigable year-round for vessels of 100–200 tons, with individual sections navigable for vessels of 500 tons and 1,000 tons.
4. The Heilongjiang River system. The Heilongjiang River system consists of the Heilongjiang, Songhua, Second Songhua, Nen, Wusuli, and Shilka Rivers, with the Heilongjiang as the main stream. The navigable mileage of the Heilongjiang River is 1,890 km, with an annual freeze-up period lasting approximately 180–200 days. The 996 km stretch from Heilonggang to the Wusuli River mouth at Fuyuan is the middle reach, navigable for vessels of 1,000 tons.

The Value of Inland Waterway Transport Resources

Inland waterway transport offers advantages such as large carrying capacity, low cost, and low energy consumption. The annual freight volume on the main Yangtze trunk line exceeds 3 billion tons, making it the busiest inland waterway in the world. The Pearl River system connects Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou, serving as an important logistics corridor in South China. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs north-south and still plays a significant transportation role.

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