1. Prerequisites for Cross-Border E-Commerce Customs Declaration
1.1 Why is a Specialized Cross-Border E-Commerce Customs Declaration Mode Necessary?
The traditional general trade customs declaration mode (0110) is designed for trade characterized by "large volumes, high values, and individual shipment declarations." Cross-border e-commerce has completely different characteristics:
| Trade Characteristic | General Trade | Cross-Border E-Commerce |
|---|---|---|
| Value per Shipment | Thousands to tens of thousands of yuan | Tens to thousands of yuan |
| Items per Shipment | Large quantities | 1-10 items |
| Number of Buyers | Few B2B clients | Thousands to millions of C-end consumers |
| Order Frequency | Low frequency (a few shipments per month) | High frequency (thousands of orders daily) |
| Declaration Method | Complete individual declaration | Requires aggregated/simplified declaration |
Using general trade declaration for cross-border e-commerce results in: Declaration cost > Value of goods → Economically unfeasible.
Therefore, since 2014, the General Administration of Customs has successively introduced four supervision codes specifically designed for e-commerce scenarios.
1.2 Overview of the Four Modes
┌─────────────────────────────┐
│ Cross-Border E-Commerce Customs Supervision Modes │
├──────────────────┬──────────────────┤
│ Export │ Import │
├──────────────────┼──────────────────┤
│ 9610 │ 1210 (Bonded Import) │
│ 9710 │ │
│ 9810 │ │
└──────────────────┴──────────────────┘
| Code | Full Name | Direction | Applicable Scenario |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9610 | Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Export | Export | B2C, direct purchases by consumers (small parcel direct delivery) |
| 9710 | Cross-Border E-Commerce B2B Direct Export | Export | B2B, transactions between cross-border e-commerce enterprises |
| 9810 | Cross-Border E-Commerce Export Overseas Warehouse | Export | Overseas warehouse/FBA stocking export |
| 1210 | Cross-Border E-Commerce Bonded Retail Import | Import | Delivery from bonded warehouse to domestic consumers |
2. 9610: Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Export
2.1 Definition and Applicable Scenarios
9610 (Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Direct Purchase Export) is applicable to models where cross-border e-commerce enterprises retail goods to overseas consumers through e-commerce platforms and logistics enterprises deliver them directly via small parcels.
Typical Scenarios: - Amazon sellers using international small parcels to ship directly to overseas individual buyers - Direct mail orders on platforms like AliExpress/Wish/Shopee - DTC (Direct-to-Consumer) model's international small parcels on independent websites
2.2 Declaration Process
Order created → Triple data matching (Order/Payment/Logistics) → Manifest verification → Consolidated declaration → Release and shipment
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| Triple Data Matching | Real-time matching of three orders: E-commerce platform (order info) + Payment enterprise (payment info) + Logistics enterprise (logistics info) |
| Manifest Verification | Declaration manifests from the cross-border e-commerce enterprise (simplified declaration, not full customs declarations) |
| Consolidated Declaration | Manifests for the same enterprise, same conveyance, and same port of entry/exit can be consolidated into one declaration every 7 days/monthly (facilitating tax refunds and forex collection) |
| Release and Shipment | Quick release after verification, generally 1-4 hours |
2.3 Core Advantages of 9610
| Advantage | Description |
|---|---|
| Low Barrier | No need for full individual declarations, making small parcels legal and compliant |
| Can Get Tax Rebate | After consolidated declaration, can apply for export tax rebate (requires legal purchase invoices) |
| Can Collect Forex | Normal forex settlement through cross-border payment institutions |
| \mathbf{✓} Fast Processing | System automates comparison, leading to high customs clearance efficiency |
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