1. Selection of Packaging Materials
The earliest packaging containers were mostly made from plant materials, such as woven leaves, reeds, and straw stalks, designed for easy carrying. Later, as people used livestock for transport, the size of packaging increased, and the range of materials used became more diverse.
Currently, many external packaging materials are used for fruits in China, which can be mainly divided into the following five types:
Baskets: Baskets woven from natural plant materials such as bamboo and wicker are traditional Chinese packaging containers. The main advantages of this material are low cost, light weight, and local availability; they can be woven into containers of almost any shape and size. The drawbacks are irregular shapes, often lacking sturdiness, thus insufficient to prevent damage; large sizes make manual loading and unloading tiring; they are typically wider at the top than at the bottom, which, although reducing pressure on bottom-layer fruits, hinders effective stacking during transportation and storage.
Wooden Crates: Wooden crates are better than containers made from other natural plant materials. Their advantages are durability and the ability to be manufactured in uniform sizes, offering stronger protection against physical damage than other materials. However, they are heavy, making handling and transportation laborious.
Cardboard Boxes: Corrugated cardboard boxes are a product of Western technology. They are lightweight and inexpensive, making them a common substitute for wooden crates in the fruit distribution industry. Another advantage of cardboard boxes is their smooth exterior, suitable for printed labels and promotional materials. The biggest drawback is that they are not reusable and are easily damaged by water or rough handling.
Plastic Crates: Plastic crates can be made from various synthetic materials, but primarily from two types: rigid high-density polyethylene and softer low-density polystyrene. High-density polyethylene crates are sturdy and strong, easily withstanding typical pressures encountered in distribution and allowing stacking to certain heights. Additionally, because these crates can be easily manufactured in standard sizes, they maximize storage space utilization; their strength offers design flexibility, allowing reinforcement of with handles and ventilation holes without compromising mechanical strength. They are easy to clean, have a smooth surface, and can be made in various bright colors. If designed, empty crates only take up about one-third of the space of full crates or less.
These plastic crates are considered to possess ideal technical characteristics for meeting the distribution needs of fresh fruits and vegetables, so in any packaging development project, they serve as the alternative to traditional containers. Overall, however, polyethylene material is expensive, and economic viability depends on effective retrieval and multiple uses.
Polystyrene used in packaging is strong, low in density, lightweight, and provides good insulation, making daily-temperature transport and pre-cooling of goods convenient to use. Furthermore, this material has excellent cushioning ability. Its main drawbacks are explosion or crushing of material and waste packaging should sudden force be exerted due to instant collision,. We have high usage due Costs for additional use no acceptance can meet such It A function e a high single use cost as When manufacture initial
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