The Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (CSS Code), established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), sets the technical standards for securing cargo inside containers.
1. Core Requirements of the CSS Code
| Requirement | Description |
| Cargo Must Be Secured | All cargo inside containers must be secured; no shifting during transport is permitted |
| Securing Strength | The securing method must withstand the acceleration forces generated in all directions during transport |
| Securing Plan | A written stowage and securing plan is recommended |
Acceleration Forces During Transport
| Direction | Transverse (Side-to-Side) | Longitudinal (Front-to-Back) | Vertical (Up-and-Down) |
| Acceleration | ±0.4–0.8 G | ±0.3–0.5 G | ±0.2–0.5 G |
| Force on Cargo (1 tonne) | 400–800 kg | 300–500 kg | 200–500 kg |
2. Lashing Material Standards
| Material | Breaking Strength | Applicable Scenario | Reusability |
| Steel Strapping | 1,000–3,000 kg | Heavy cargo securing | Single use |
| PET Strapping | 500–1,500 kg | Medium cargo securing | Single use |
| Fiber Rope | 200–500 kg | Light cargo securing | 2–3 times |
| Dunnage Air Bags | 1,000–5,000 kg | Void filling + lateral securing | Single use |
Data Note: Lashing standards are cited from the IMO Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (CSS Code). Data current as of July 2026.
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